fix: dashboard layout, widget caching, and backend stability

Layout:
- Remove Container maxWidth cap so widgets scale fluidly on wide screens
- Fix ActivityFeed Card missing height:100% and overflow:hidden that caused
  the timeline connector pseudo-element to bleed outside the card boundary

Performance (frontend):
- Migrate VehicleDashboardCard, EquipmentDashboardCard, AtemschutzDashboardCard,
  UpcomingEventsWidget, and PersonalWarningsBanner from useEffect+useState to
  TanStack Query — cached for 5 min, so navigating back to the dashboard no
  longer re-fires all 9 API requests
- Add gcTime:10min and refetchOnWindowFocus:false to QueryClient defaults to
  prevent spurious refetches on tab-switch

Backend stability:
- Raise default RATE_LIMIT_MAX from 100 to 300 req/15min — the previous limit
  was easily exceeded by a single active user during normal dashboard navigation
- Increase DB connectionTimeoutMillis from 2s to 5s to handle burst-load
  scenarios where multiple requests compete for pool slots simultaneously

Co-Authored-By: Claude Sonnet 4.6 <noreply@anthropic.com>

frontend/src/components/atemschutz/AtemschutzDashboardCard.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React from 'react';
 import {
   Alert,
   AlertTitle,
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   Typography,
 } from '@mui/material';
 import { Link as RouterLink } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { atemschutzApi } from '../../services/atemschutz';
 import type { AtemschutzStats } from '../../types/atemschutz.types';
 
@@ -20,31 +21,12 @@ interface AtemschutzDashboardCardProps {
 const AtemschutzDashboardCard: React.FC<AtemschutzDashboardCardProps> = ({
   hideWhenEmpty = false,
 }) => {
-  const [stats, setStats] = useState<AtemschutzStats | null>(null);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const { data: stats, isLoading, isError } = useQuery<AtemschutzStats>({
+    queryKey: ['atemschutz-stats'],
+    queryFn: () => atemschutzApi.getStats(),
+  });
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let mounted = true;
-    const fetchStats = async () => {
-      try {
-        setLoading(true);
-        setError(null);
-        const data = await atemschutzApi.getStats();
-        if (mounted) setStats(data);
-      } catch {
-        if (mounted) setError('Atemschutzstatus konnte nicht geladen werden.');
-      } finally {
-        if (mounted) setLoading(false);
-      }
-    };
-    fetchStats();
-    return () => {
-      mounted = false;
-    };
-  }, []);
-
-  if (loading) {
+  if (isLoading) {
     return (
       <Card>
         <CardContent sx={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 1, py: 2 }}>
@@ -57,12 +39,12 @@ const AtemschutzDashboardCard: React.FC<AtemschutzDashboardCardProps> = ({
     );
   }
 
-  if (error) {
+  if (isError) {
     return (
       <Card>
         <CardContent>
           <Typography variant="body2" color="error">
-            {error}
+            Atemschutzstatus konnte nicht geladen werden.
           </Typography>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
@@ -71,7 +53,6 @@ const AtemschutzDashboardCard: React.FC<AtemschutzDashboardCardProps> = ({
 
   if (!stats) return null;
 
-  // Determine if there are any concerns
   const hasConcerns =
     stats.untersuchungAbgelaufen > 0 ||
     stats.leistungstestAbgelaufen > 0 ||
@@ -80,7 +61,6 @@ const AtemschutzDashboardCard: React.FC<AtemschutzDashboardCardProps> = ({
 
   const allGood = stats.einsatzbereit === stats.total && !hasConcerns;
 
-  // If hideWhenEmpty and everything is fine, render nothing
   if (hideWhenEmpty && allGood) return null;
 
   return (

frontend/src/components/dashboard/ActivityFeed.tsx

@@ -89,7 +89,7 @@ const ActivityFeed: React.FC = () => {
   };
 
   return (
-    <Card>
+    <Card sx={{ height: '100%', overflow: 'hidden' }}>
       <CardContent>
         <Typography variant="h6" gutterBottom>
           Letzte Aktivitäten
@@ -110,7 +110,7 @@ const ActivityFeed: React.FC = () => {
                           position: 'absolute',
                           left: 19,
                           top: 56,
-                          bottom: -8,
+                          bottom: 0,
                           width: 2,
                           bgcolor: 'divider',
                         }

frontend/src/components/dashboard/PersonalWarningsBanner.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React from 'react';
 import {
   Alert,
   AlertTitle,
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
 } from '@mui/material';
 import { NotificationsActive as NotificationsActiveIcon } from '@mui/icons-material';
 import { Link as RouterLink } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { atemschutzApi } from '../../services/atemschutz';
 import type { User } from '../../types/auth.types';
 import type { AtemschutzUebersicht } from '../../types/atemschutz.types';
@@ -74,33 +75,14 @@ interface PersonalWarningsBannerProps {
 }
 
 const PersonalWarningsBanner: React.FC<PersonalWarningsBannerProps> = ({ user: _user, onWarningCount }) => {
-  const [record, setRecord] = useState<AtemschutzUebersicht | null>(null);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
-  const [fetchError, setFetchError] = useState<string | null>(null);
-
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let mounted = true;
-
-    const fetchStatus = async () => {
-      try {
-        setLoading(true);
-        setFetchError(null);
-        const data = await atemschutzApi.getMyStatus();
-        if (mounted) setRecord(data);
-      } catch {
-        if (mounted) setFetchError('Persönlicher Atemschutz-Status konnte nicht geladen werden.');
-      } finally {
-        if (mounted) setLoading(false);
-      }
-    };
-
-    fetchStatus();
-    return () => { mounted = false; };
-  }, []);
+  const { data: record, isLoading } = useQuery<AtemschutzUebersicht | null>({
+    queryKey: ['atemschutz-my-status'],
+    queryFn: () => atemschutzApi.getMyStatus(),
+  });
 
   // ── Loading state ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 
-  if (loading) {
+  if (isLoading) {
     return (
       <Box sx={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 1, py: 1 }}>
         <CircularProgress size={16} />
@@ -111,13 +93,6 @@ const PersonalWarningsBanner: React.FC<PersonalWarningsBannerProps> = ({ user: _
     );
   }
 
-  // ── Fetch error ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-
-  if (fetchError) {
-    // Non-critical — silently swallow so the dashboard still loads cleanly.
-    return null;
-  }
-
   // ── No atemschutz record for this user ─────────────────────────────────────
 
   if (!record) return null;

frontend/src/components/dashboard/UpcomingEventsWidget.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React from 'react';
 import {
   Box,
   Card,
@@ -13,6 +13,7 @@ import {
 } from '@mui/material';
 import { CalendarMonth as CalendarMonthIcon } from '@mui/icons-material';
 import { Link as RouterLink } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { trainingApi } from '../../services/training';
 import { eventsApi } from '../../services/events';
 import type { UebungListItem, UebungTyp } from '../../types/training.types';
@@ -106,52 +107,34 @@ const FETCH_LIMIT = 20; // fetch more than 5 so filtering from today leaves enou
 const DISPLAY_LIMIT = 5;
 
 const UpcomingEventsWidget: React.FC = () => {
-  const [entries, setEntries] = useState<CalendarEntry[]>([]);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const { data: trainingItems = [], isLoading: trainingLoading, isError: trainingError } = useQuery<UebungListItem[]>({
+    queryKey: ['upcoming-trainings'],
+    queryFn: () => trainingApi.getUpcoming(FETCH_LIMIT),
+  });
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let mounted = true;
+  const { data: eventItems = [], isLoading: eventsLoading, isError: eventsError } = useQuery<VeranstaltungListItem[]>({
+    queryKey: ['upcoming-events'],
+    queryFn: () => eventsApi.getUpcoming(FETCH_LIMIT),
+  });
 
-    const fetchData = async () => {
-      try {
-        setLoading(true);
-        setError(null);
+  const loading = trainingLoading || eventsLoading;
+  const error = trainingError || eventsError;
 
-        const [trainingItems, eventItems] = await Promise.all([
-          trainingApi.getUpcoming(FETCH_LIMIT),
-          eventsApi.getUpcoming(FETCH_LIMIT),
-        ]);
-
-        if (!mounted) return;
-
-        const today = startOfToday();
-
-        const combined: CalendarEntry[] = [
-          ...trainingItems
-            .filter((t) => !t.abgesagt)
-            .map(mapTraining),
-          ...eventItems
-            .filter((e) => !e.abgesagt)
-            .map(mapVeranstaltung),
-        ]
-          .filter((e) => e.date >= today)
-          .sort((a, b) => a.date.getTime() - b.date.getTime())
-          .slice(0, DISPLAY_LIMIT);
-
-        setEntries(combined);
-      } catch {
-        if (mounted) setError('Termine konnten nicht geladen werden.');
-      } finally {
-        if (mounted) setLoading(false);
-      }
-    };
-
-    fetchData();
-    return () => {
-      mounted = false;
-    };
-  }, []);
+  const entries = React.useMemo(() => {
+    if (loading) return [];
+    const today = startOfToday();
+    return [
+      ...trainingItems
+        .filter((t) => !t.abgesagt)
+        .map(mapTraining),
+      ...eventItems
+        .filter((e) => !e.abgesagt)
+        .map(mapVeranstaltung),
+    ]
+      .filter((e) => e.date >= today)
+      .sort((a, b) => a.date.getTime() - b.date.getTime())
+      .slice(0, DISPLAY_LIMIT);
+  }, [trainingItems, eventItems, loading]);
 
   // ── Loading state ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
   if (loading) {
@@ -177,7 +160,7 @@ const UpcomingEventsWidget: React.FC = () => {
             <Typography variant="h6">Nächste Termine</Typography>
           </Box>
           <Typography variant="body2" color="error">
-            {error}
+            Termine konnten nicht geladen werden.
           </Typography>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>

frontend/src/components/equipment/EquipmentDashboardCard.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React from 'react';
 import {
   Alert,
   AlertTitle,
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   Typography,
 } from '@mui/material';
 import { Link as RouterLink } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { equipmentApi } from '../../services/equipment';
 import type { EquipmentStats } from '../../types/equipment.types';
 
@@ -20,31 +21,12 @@ interface EquipmentDashboardCardProps {
 const EquipmentDashboardCard: React.FC<EquipmentDashboardCardProps> = ({
   hideWhenEmpty = false,
 }) => {
-  const [stats, setStats] = useState<EquipmentStats | null>(null);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const { data: stats, isLoading, isError } = useQuery<EquipmentStats>({
+    queryKey: ['equipment-stats'],
+    queryFn: () => equipmentApi.getStats(),
+  });
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let mounted = true;
-    const fetchStats = async () => {
-      try {
-        setLoading(true);
-        setError(null);
-        const data = await equipmentApi.getStats();
-        if (mounted) setStats(data);
-      } catch {
-        if (mounted) setError('Ausrüstungsstatus konnte nicht geladen werden.');
-      } finally {
-        if (mounted) setLoading(false);
-      }
-    };
-    fetchStats();
-    return () => {
-      mounted = false;
-    };
-  }, []);
-
-  if (loading) {
+  if (isLoading) {
     return (
       <Card>
         <CardContent sx={{ display: 'flex', alignItems: 'center', gap: 1, py: 2 }}>
@@ -57,12 +39,12 @@ const EquipmentDashboardCard: React.FC<EquipmentDashboardCardProps> = ({
     );
   }
 
-  if (error) {
+  if (isError) {
     return (
       <Card>
         <CardContent>
           <Typography variant="body2" color="error">
-            {error}
+            Ausrüstungsstatus konnte nicht geladen werden.
           </Typography>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>

frontend/src/components/vehicles/VehicleDashboardCard.tsx

@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-import React, { useEffect, useState } from 'react';
+import React from 'react';
 import {
   Alert,
   AlertTitle,
@@ -10,6 +10,7 @@ import {
   Typography,
 } from '@mui/material';
 import { Link as RouterLink } from 'react-router-dom';
+import { useQuery } from '@tanstack/react-query';
 import { vehiclesApi } from '../../services/vehicles';
 import { equipmentApi } from '../../services/equipment';
 import type { VehicleStats, InspectionAlert } from '../../types/vehicle.types';
@@ -22,39 +23,22 @@ interface VehicleDashboardCardProps {
 const VehicleDashboardCard: React.FC<VehicleDashboardCardProps> = ({
   hideWhenEmpty = false,
 }) => {
-  const [stats, setStats] = useState<VehicleStats | null>(null);
-  const [alerts, setAlerts] = useState<InspectionAlert[]>([]);
-  const [equipmentWarnings, setEquipmentWarnings] = useState<VehicleEquipmentWarning[]>([]);
-  const [loading, setLoading] = useState(true);
-  const [error, setError] = useState<string | null>(null);
+  const { data: stats, isLoading: statsLoading, isError: statsError } = useQuery<VehicleStats>({
+    queryKey: ['vehicle-stats'],
+    queryFn: () => vehiclesApi.getStats(),
+  });
 
-  useEffect(() => {
-    let mounted = true;
-    const fetchData = async () => {
-      try {
-        setLoading(true);
-        setError(null);
-        const [statsData, alertsData, warningsData] = await Promise.all([
-          vehiclesApi.getStats(),
-          vehiclesApi.getAlerts(30),
-          equipmentApi.getVehicleWarnings(),
-        ]);
-        if (mounted) {
-          setStats(statsData);
-          setAlerts(alertsData);
-          setEquipmentWarnings(warningsData);
-        }
-      } catch {
-        if (mounted) setError('Fahrzeugstatus konnte nicht geladen werden.');
-      } finally {
-        if (mounted) setLoading(false);
-      }
-    };
-    fetchData();
-    return () => {
-      mounted = false;
-    };
-  }, []);
+  const { data: alerts = [], isLoading: alertsLoading } = useQuery<InspectionAlert[]>({
+    queryKey: ['vehicle-alerts'],
+    queryFn: () => vehiclesApi.getAlerts(30),
+  });
+
+  const { data: equipmentWarnings = [], isLoading: warningsLoading } = useQuery<VehicleEquipmentWarning[]>({
+    queryKey: ['vehicle-equipment-warnings'],
+    queryFn: () => equipmentApi.getVehicleWarnings(),
+  });
+
+  const loading = statsLoading || alertsLoading || warningsLoading;
 
   if (loading) {
     return (
@@ -69,12 +53,12 @@ const VehicleDashboardCard: React.FC<VehicleDashboardCardProps> = ({
     );
   }
 
-  if (error) {
+  if (statsError) {
     return (
       <Card>
         <CardContent>
           <Typography variant="body2" color="error">
-            {error}
+            Fahrzeugstatus konnte nicht geladen werden.
           </Typography>
         </CardContent>
       </Card>
@@ -94,7 +78,6 @@ const VehicleDashboardCard: React.FC<VehicleDashboardCardProps> = ({
 
   const allGood = stats.einsatzbereit === stats.total && !hasConcerns;
 
-  // If hideWhenEmpty and everything is fine, render nothing
   if (hideWhenEmpty && allGood) return null;
 
   return (

frontend/src/main.tsx

@@ -10,7 +10,9 @@ const queryClient = new QueryClient({
   defaultOptions: {
     queries: {
       staleTime: 5 * 60 * 1000, // 5 minutes
+      gcTime: 10 * 60 * 1000,   // keep cache 10 minutes
       retry: 1,
+      refetchOnWindowFocus: false, // prevent refetch on every tab switch
     },
   },
 });

frontend/src/pages/Dashboard.tsx

@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ function Dashboard() {
 
   return (
     <DashboardLayout>
-      <Container maxWidth="xl">
+      <Container maxWidth={false} disableGutters>
         <Grid container spacing={3}>
           {/* Welcome Message */}
           <Grid item xs={12}>